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Ratna Asmara ( 1914 – before 1981) was an Indonesian actress and film director. Originally active in theatre, in 1940 she starred in the romance film ''Kartinah'', which her first husband Andjar directed. After appearing in several further films, she made her directorial debut in 1950 with ''Sedap Malam'' (''Tuberose''), which made her the first female film director in Indonesian history. Although her work was generally ignored, later female Indonesian directors have found critical acclaim. == Early career == Ratna was born in the Minangkabau Highlands of Sumatra 1914. This ethnic Sundanese actress had a sister, Suhara, who was married to the director Bachtiar Effendi. Ratna and her husband Andjar joined the Dardanella touring troupe in the early 1930s; with the troupe she was known for the quality of her voice. In the late 1930s she joined Andjar with his Bollero troupe and became its star. She also acted for the Royal Balinese Dancers. When Andjar was asked by The Teng Chun to direct a film for The's company Java Industrial Film (JIF), Ratna came with him. The couple earned 1,000 gulden each for their role in the resulting film, ''Kartinah'' (1940), Andjar as director and Ratna as its star. The film, a love story between the nurse Kartinah (played by Ratna) and her commander, was also the first war film in the country, taking place within the Air Raid Preparation teams (). Ratna also appeared in Andjar's later directorial work, ''Noesa Penida'' (a love story set in Bali) and in ''Ratna Moetoe Manikam'', a story about a love triangle between two goddesses and a mortal man. During the National Revolution following Indonesia's independence, Ratna appeared in one further film: Andjar's 1948 ''Djaoeh Dimata'' (''Out of Sight''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ratna Asmara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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